There are many theories about planting during various phases of the moon.

In a very small nutshell here are the common recommendations:

Plant annuals, trees and above ground vegetables such as tomatoes, cabbage and squash during the waxing phase of the moon. That's the time from the new moon to the full moon phase. Also fertilize and graft fruit trees.

Plant perennials, bulbs and below-ground vegetables such as carrots, onions and beets, during the waning phase from the full moon to new moon. Pull weeds and prune shrubs during this phase.

For more details go to http://www.plantea.com/planting-moon-phases.htm